Alcohol intolerance is the medical term for an immediate and unpleasant reaction to consuming alcohol. Common symptoms include skin flushing, nasal congestion, and headaches.
Alcohol intolerance is an immediate unpleasant reaction to consuming alcohol. It typically occurs because of a genetic difference that makes the body unable to break down alcohol efficiently.
This article explains what alcohol intolerance is, including its causes and symptoms. It also discusses how alcohol intolerance differs from alcohol allergy and considers the treatments for each.
Alcohol contains metabolites, which are substances produced during metabolism. The primary metabolite of alcohol is acetaldehyde.
Individuals with alcohol intolerance can have a genetic predisposition that prevents a group of enzymes called aldehyde dehydrogenases (ALDHs) from metabolizing acetaldehyde to a nontoxic substance called acetate.
The genetic predisposition for alcohol intolerance is more common among Asian people.
Some health conditions can also cause alcohol intolerance, while others can cause increased alcohol sensitivity. Some people use these two terms interchangeably.
Examples of conditions that can cause alcohol intolerance or sensitivity are outlined below.
Histamine intolerance
A histamine is a chemical that the body releases in response to allergy, inflammation, or injury. If you have histamine intolerance, you
Alcohol and other fermented products also contain histamine. Red wine contains particularly high levels.
If you have histamine intolerance, you may experience worse symptoms after consuming alcohol with a high histamine content.
Sulfite sensitivity
Sulfites are preservatives used in the production of certain foods and beverages, including beer, wine, and cider.
Sulfites interact with stomach acid to release an irritant gas called sulfur dioxide, which can cause airway irritation in susceptible…
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