Centuries ago, astronomers observed a dark oval — nicknamed the Permanent Spot — on Jupiter. It was located at the same latitude, or distance from Jupiter’s equator, where the giant windstorm known as the Great Red Spot swirls today. Researchers have wondered whether these spots are the same. Now, a new study suggests the spots are distinct — and hints at what could become of the Great Red Spot.
Agustín Sánchez‐Lavega and his colleagues dug through historical observations of Jupiter’s spots. These records dated back to the 1600s. Today, telescopes can take pictures of objects in space. But hundreds of years ago, Jupiter’s observers sketched what they saw through their telescopes.
“It was very exciting to see in old articles and books the descriptions of the observations and drawings that astronomers made with great precision 375 years ago,” says Sánchez‐Lavega. An astronomer and planetary scientist, he works at the University of the Basque Country in Bilbao, Spain.
The Permanent Spot appears in observations of Jupiter made from 1665 to 1713. But starting in 1713, reports of Jupiter bore no signs of this feature. Then, in 1831 and the following decades, drawings of Jupiter showed a spot resembling the Great Red Spot. At first, it appeared as a clear oval. In later records, it was drawn with a red tint.
Sánchez‐Lavega’s team also tracked the spots’ sizes and shapes from 1665 to 2023. They measured the Permanent Spot from centuries-old drawings. Those data suggested that this spot’s length was two to three times smaller than that of the Great Red Spot. They got the Great Red Spot’s size from a photograph taken in 1879.
It seems that naming the earlier feature the “Permanent Spot” was a bad call. Its absence in the record for 118 years and its small size suggest it may have vanished before the current Great Red Spot emerged. The researchers shared their findings June 16 in Geophysical Research…
Read the full article here