archeologist: (also archaeologist) The study of human history and prehistory through the excavation of sites and the analysis of artifacts and other physical remains. Those remains can range from housing materials and cooking vessels to clothing and footprints. The field these people work in is known as archeology.
average: (in science) A term for the arithmetic mean, which is the sum of a group of numbers that is then divided by the size of the group.
basin: (in geology) A low-lying area, often below sea level. It collects water, which then deposits fine silt and other sediment on its bottom. Because it collects these materials, it’s sometimes referred to as a catchment or a drainage basin.
BCE: Abbreviation for before the common era. It’s equivalent to BC, which stands for before Christ or before the dawn of Christianity. It’s in contrast to CE, meaning “in the common era”, and to AD, an abbreviation for the Medieval Latin term anno domini, meaning “in the year of the lord.” The cutoff period (between BCE and CE or between BC and AD — year zero — would have been the start of the Gregorian calendar; it begins with the year in which early religious scholars had thought Christ had been born. Many scholars now use BCE and CE to mark ages because these terms eliminate any implied association with religion.
computer model: A program that runs on a computer that creates a model, or simulation, of a real-world feature, phenomenon or event.
Egyptology: The study of ancient Egypt during the time of the local kings, known as pharaohs — roughly 4500 BCE to 641 AD. Scholars began investigating this culture starting around 1800, when Napoleon Bonaparte invaded Egypt. Much of the work on this has been informed by the findings of archeologists. They turned up documents dating back to when the first pharaohs developed a hieroglyphic script (around 3150 BCE) . The region’s arid climate was good for preserving these documents and other aspects…
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